Emerging Technologies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811986024
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

6.3 Dynamic Navigation

Dynamic navigation guides the surgeon during the surgical procedure via real-time mapping on a monitor. The dynamic navigation is based on the principle of the Global Positioning System (GPS), which is based primarily on requires three components: a localizer like a satellite in space which works as a reference to send signals that are received and interpreted by a surgical probe; the second component is the surgical probe, which corresponds to the tracking waves emitted by the localizer to determine the location in relation to the fixed points of the localizer. The final component is the road map represented by the patient’s CT/CBCT [38]. Three fundamental steps are considered in dynamic navigation, the registration, calibration, and the tracking [39, 40]. The navigation utilizes two different technologies for tracking the surgical movements of the cutting instruments, either optical or electromagnetic systems. The movements are tracked in relation to the the preoperative CBCT scans and the prediction planning of the of the position of the osteotomy segments. Currently, tremendous efforts focus on improving and developing navigation in maxillofacial surgery to help overcome obstacles of the current system. A combination of AR and navigation systems can be used to improve intraoperative surgical precision [41, 42]. The application of AR-guided navigation in orthognathic surgery aims to facilitate accurate positioning of bone segments according to the virtual planning and identify any mismatch between the executed and the planned position [43, 44]. The ability to gain real-time feedback allows verification and validation of repositioning of the segmented jaw; thus, it holds great potential to enhance the accuracy of execution of VSP and optimize the surgical outcomes. Current reports showed several limitations of using dynamic navigation in orthognathic surgery, which includes the increased operating time, the bulkiness of appliance, and limited visibility of the surgical site due to obstruction of surgical access by the stereo-cameras of the navigation system [42, 43].

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